港口多能源融合系统综述

袁裕鹏; 许朝远; 李娜; 唐道贵; 袁成清; 钟晓晖; 严新平

doi:10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.04.007

港口多能源融合系统综述

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2024.04.007

袁裕鹏^{1, 2, 3,},
许朝远^{1, 2, 4},
李娜⁵,
唐道贵^{3, 6},
袁成清^{1, 2, 3},
钟晓晖⁶,
严新平^{1, 2, 3, 7, ,}

1.
武汉理工大学水路交通控制全国重点实验室，湖北武汉 430063
2.
武汉理工大学国家水运安全工程技术研究中心，湖北武汉 430063
3.
武汉理工大学交通与物流工程学院，湖北武汉 430063
4.
武汉理工大学船海与能源动工程学院，湖北武汉 430063
5.
湖北华中电力科技开发有限责任公司，湖北武汉 430077
6.
宁波舟山港集团有限公司，浙江宁波 315100
7.
武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心，湖北武汉 430063

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2021YFB2601601

详细信息

作者简介:
袁裕鹏(1980-)，男，湖北武汉人，武汉理工大学副教授，工学博士，从事船港装备新能源与能效控制研究

通讯作者:
严新平(1959-)，男，江西莲花人，中国工程院院士，武汉理工大学教授，工学博士

中图分类号: U653
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-28

Review on multi-energy integration systems in ports

YUAN Yu-peng^{1, 2, 3
,},
XU Chao-yuan^{1, 2, 4},
LI Na⁵,
TANG Dao-gui^{3, 6},
YUAN Cheng-qing^{1, 2, 3},
ZHONG Xiao-hui⁶,
YAN Xin-ping^{1, 2, 3, 7
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
2.
National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety (WTS Center), Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
3.
School of Transportation and Logistics Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
4.
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Energy Power Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China
5.
Hubei Huazhong Electric Power Technology Development Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430077, Hubei, China
6.
Ningbo Zhoushan Port Group Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
7.
Intelligent Transportation Systems Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, Hubei, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2021YFB2601601

More Information

Author Bio:
YUAN Yu-peng(1980-), male, associate professor, PhD, ypyuan@whut.edu.cn

YAN Xin-ping(1959-), male, academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, professor, PhD, xpyan@whut.edu.cn

Article Text (Baidu Translation)

摘要

摘要: 调研了当前国内外港口风能、太阳能、氢能及其他清洁能源应用现状，评估了多种自然资源禀赋特征，结合港口用能类型与负荷特性，分析了直流并网、交流并网、交直流混联并网3种微电网系统架构和不同储能方式特性；针对风光储氢多能源融合系统整体架构及其“源-网-荷-储”网络架构的特点，提出了多能源融合系统融合模式、匹配方法、能源捕获、安全保障、运行控制等关键技术。研究结果表明：当前清洁能源在港口中存在应用形式单一、利用率较低的特点，港口负荷的能源需求形式多样，采用风光储氢多能源融合系统能够较好地满足港口负荷需求，并克服单一能源的缺点；港口多能源融合模式与架构需要综合考虑港口的实际情况进行个性化设计，一般采用多准则决策的方法来确定最优的能源融合形式，并采用基于多目标优化的方法，综合考虑安全、环境与经济等多种因素确定各个能源的容量；在具体的能源种类选择上，风、光发电结合电解水制氢比较适用于港口的实际应用场景，但需要对氢气的制、注、储、供等关键设备与安保技术进行适配研究；港口负荷和风、光发电都具有随机性，因此，需要研究新的多层次能源管理策略，以优化多能源融合系统的能源调度与负荷匹配，确保多能源融合系统能够安全、稳定、经济地运行。
- 水路运输 /
- 绿色港口 /
- 多能源融合系统 /
- 节能减排 /
- 氢能 /
- 风光发电
Abstract: The current application statuses of wind, solar, hydrogen, and other clean energy in global ports were investigated. A variety of natural resource endowment characteristics were assessed. Based on the types of energy consumption and load characteristics at ports, three microgrid system architectures including DC grid connection, AC grid connection, and AC/DC hybrid grid connection were analyzed, as well as the characteristics of various energy storage methods. In view of the comprehensive architecture of a multi-energy integration system featuring wind, solar and hydrogen storage and the characteristics of its "source-grid-load-storage" network architecture, the key technologies of integration modes, matching methods, energy capture, security guarantees, and operational controls for the multi-energy integration system were summarized. Research results show that the application of clean energy at ports is characterized by single application form and low utilization rate. The energy demand forms of port load are diverse. The application of a multi-energy integration system composed of wind, solar and hydrogen storage units can satisfy the load demand at ports and overcome the shortcomings of single energy source. The mode and architecture of multi-energy integration at ports need to be designed according to the actual situation of the port. Generally, the multi-criteria decision-making approach can be used to determine the optimal energy integration mode, and the multi-objective optimization is adopted to determine the capacity of energy by comprehensively considering security, environment, economy, and other factors. In terms of the selection of specific energy types, wind and solar power generation combined with hydrogen production through the electrolysis of water is partly suitable for practical application scenarios at ports. However, it is necessary to study the adaptation of key equipment and security technologies for hydrogen production, refueling, storage, and supply. Both load and power generation from wind and solar energy are stochastic. Therefore, it is necessary to study new multi-level energy management strategies to optimize the energy dispatching and load balance of the multi-energy integration system and ensure that the system can operate safely, stably, and economically.
- waterway transportation /
- green port /
- multi-energy integration system /
- energy conservation and emission reduction /
- hydrogen energy /
- wind and solar power generation

HTML全文

图 1 裕廊港太阳能发电系统

Figure 1. Jurong Harbor solar power generation system

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图 2 江阴港风力发电系统

Figure 2. Jiangyin Port wind power generation system

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图 3 前湾港加氢站

Figure 3. Qianwan Port hydrogen refueling station

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图 4 港口多能源融合系统拓扑结构

Figure 4. Topology of port multi-energy integration system

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图 5 风力发电系统

Figure 5. Wind power generation system

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图 6 风力发电机组成示意

Figure 6. Schematic of wind turbine generator composition

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图 7 光伏发电结构

Figure 7. Photovoltaic power generation structure

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图 8 风、光、氢耦合发电结构

Figure 8. Structure of wind-solar-hydrogen coupling power generation

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图 9 交直流混联并网结构

Figure 9. AC/DC hybrid grid-connected structure

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图 10 直流并网结构

Figure 10. DC grid-connected structure

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图 11 交流并网结构

Figure 11. AC grid-connected structure

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图 12 港口多能负荷用能分析

Figure 12. Energy consumption analysis of multi-energy load in ports

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图 13 氢气产业“制-注-储-供-用”全过程

Figure 13. Whole process of "production-refueling-storage-supply-use" in hydrogen industry

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图 14 港口环境下氢气“制-注-储-供-用”一体化运行控制

Figure 14. Integrated operation control of hydrogen "production-refueling-storage-supply-use" in port environment

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图 15 电解槽系统结构

Figure 15. Electrolyser system structure

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图 16 电解水制氢原理

Figure 16. Principle of hydrogen production by electrolysis of water

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图 17 加氢工艺流程简化示意

Figure 17. Simplified schematic of hydrogenation process flow

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图 18 加氢枪基本架构

Figure 18. Basic structure of hydrogen gun

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图 19 气态加氢站设备配置

Figure 19. Equipment configuration of gaseous hydrogenation station

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图 20 燃料电池系统结构

Figure 20. Structure of fuel cell system

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图 21 燃料电池原理

Figure 21. Fuel cell principles

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图 22 高压氢气泄漏事故类型

Figure 22. Types of high-pressure hydrogen leakage accidents

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图 23 不同类型氢气传感器的工作原理

Figure 23. Operating principles of different types of hydrogen sensors

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表 1 三种并网结构特性对比

Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of three grid-connected structures

特点	交流并网	直流并网	交直流混联并网
传输距离	中长距离	远距离	中长距离
转换效率	较高	较高	较低
系统复杂度	中等	低	高
适用场景	风力和光伏发电	远距离传输、高压直流输电	多种能源(例如风+光+其他)
网络稳定性	较高	较高	较低
维护成本	较低	较低	较高

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表 2 港口设备可用能源类型

Table 2. Types of available energy for port equipment

能源类型	设备
能源类型	码头起重机	轨道式龙门吊	轮胎式龙门吊	堆场卡车	自动导引运输车	自动堆垛起重机
柴油	$ \checkmark$		$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$
电	$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$
天然气		$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$
氢		$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$	$ \checkmark$

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表 3 常见储能方式特性分析

Table 3. Analysis of characteristics of common energy storage methods

储能方式	碳酸铁锂电池	超级电容器	铅酸蓄电池	磷酸铁锂电池
特点	化学反应	电场	化学反应	化学反应
储能容量	高	较低	中等	中等
充放电效率	较高	非常高	较高	较高
响应时间	快	极快	较慢	较慢
寿命	较长	非常长	较长	长
循环次数	多	非常多	中等	多
质量	相对较轻	较轻	相对较重	较重
成本	高	中等	低	中等

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表 4 近期多能源融合系统设计研究

Table 4. Research on recent multi-energy integration systems design

参考文献	对象位置	多能源形式	主要结论
文献[61]	塔科拉迪	风、光、储、天然气、柴	风、光、储、天然气最优
文献[62]	肯尼亚	风、光、储、天然气、柴、网	风、光、柴、储最优
文献[63]	萨迪亚、阿拉伯	风、光、储、氢、柴	光、储、柴最优
文献[64]	埃及	光、储、柴	光、储、柴最优

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表 5 不同电解水制氢技术特点比较

Table 5. Comparison of characteristics of different hydrogen production technologies by electrolysis of water

类型	碱性电解水	质子交换膜电解水	固体氧化物电解水
电解质	KOH水溶液	聚合物电解质	固体氧化物电解质
工作温度/℃	40~90	20~100	500~1 000
能源效率/%	70~80	80~90	90~100
系统寿命/年	10~20	10~20
优点	技术成熟，非贵金属催化剂，成本较低	电流密度高，设计简单，结构紧凑，产氢纯度高	能源效率高，产氢量高，非贵金属催化剂
缺点	电流密度低，电极上有碳化沉积，电解质具有易腐蚀性	使用贵金属材料，电解介质具有腐蚀性，耐久性差	结构复杂，陶瓷材料易碎，耐久性较差
技术水平	国内外均已实现大规模工业化生产	国内仍处于试验阶段，国外已初步实现商业化生产	国内外均仍处于试验阶段
与可再生能源的结合	适用于稳定电源的装机规模较大的电力系统	适配波动性较大的可再生能源发电系统	适用于产生高温、高压蒸汽的光热发电系统

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表 6 燃料电池技术特点比较

Table 6. Comparison of fuel cell technology characteristics

类型	碱性燃料电池	质子交换膜燃料电池
电解质	KOH水溶液	聚合物电解质
工作温度/℃	80~100	70~80
能源效率/%		35~45
优点	启动迅速，能量密度高	效率高，质量轻，体积小
缺点	电极上有沉积，电解质具有易腐蚀性	采用贵金属催化剂，成本较高
应用	国防和空间领域	车辆，自备热电联产发电(小规模)

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