Volume 21 Issue 2
Aug.  2021
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YAO Rong-han, QI Wen-yan, GUO Wei-wei. Structural equation model of drivers' takeover behaviors in autonomous driving environment[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2021, 21(2): 209-221. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.018
Citation: YAO Rong-han, QI Wen-yan, GUO Wei-wei. Structural equation model of drivers' takeover behaviors in autonomous driving environment[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2021, 21(2): 209-221. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.018
shu

Structural equation model of drivers' takeover behaviors in autonomous driving environment

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2021.02.018
  • 1.

    School of Transportation and Logistics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China

  • 2.

    Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Road Traffic Intelligent Control Technology, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51578111

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities DUT20JC40

More Information
  • Author Bio:

    YAO Rong-han(1979-), female, associate professor, PhD, cyanyrh@dlut.edu.cn

  • Received Date: 2020-11-30
  • Publish Date: 2021-04-25
    Abstract
  • Tests were conducted to explore the key factors that influence drivers' takeover behaviors in an autonomous driving environment using a driving simulator and an eye movement instrument. Data were collected from 11 participants who responded to 5 takeover scenarios, including vehicle and eye movement data, and the participants' personal attributes were investigated. According to the results of measured data processed by qualitative analysis and situational difference processed by quantitative analysis, a structural equation model was established using AMOS to describe drivers' takeover behaviors. The longitudinal takeover behavior, lateral takeover behavior, and eye movement behavior were the three potential variables. Nine observed variables were identified to represent the three potential variables. Based on the modification indices, the final structural equation model was obtained using multiple amendments. Thus, the relationships between all the variables and the corresponding parameters were obtained to describe the drivers' takeover behaviors. Research results show that the entire process in which a driver takes over an autonomous driving vehicle can be divided into 5 stages, including perception and reaction, deceleration and avoidance, acceleration and ascending, stable recovery, and stable movement. The drivers' takeover risk is higher when a left-front vehicle merges into the current lane. The lateral driving behavior is negatively correlated with the longitudinal driving or eye movement behavior, with correlation coefficients of -0.226 and -0.223, respectively. The longitudinal driving behavior is positively correlated with the eye movement behavior, with a correlation coefficient of 0.152. Average speed, mean of the overall yaw angle, and saccade time in a second can interpret the potential longitudinal, lateral, and eye behaviors, respectively, when drivers takeover autonomous driving vehicles. Therefore, the research can reveal drivers' overall and local behaviors when they takeover autonomous driving vehicles, and can help improve the human-computer interaction mode and takeover request hints in autonomous driving. 10 tabs, 7 figs, 30 refs.

     

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