Volume 22 Issue 4
Aug.  2022
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering  > 2022  >  22(4): 47-67
Next Previous
XU Xiao-jian, YANG Rui, JI Yong-bo, ZHANG Xin-yu, JIANG Lei, LI Kun. Review on key technologies of hydrogen fuel cell powered vessels[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2022, 22(4): 47-67. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.04.004
Citation: XU Xiao-jian, YANG Rui, JI Yong-bo, ZHANG Xin-yu, JIANG Lei, LI Kun. Review on key technologies of hydrogen fuel cell powered vessels[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2022, 22(4): 47-67. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.04.004
shu

Review on key technologies of hydrogen fuel cell powered vessels

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2022.04.004
  • 1.

    Shipping Technology Research Center, China Waterborne Transport Research Institute, Beijing 100088, China

  • 2.

    Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China

More Information
  • Author Bio:

    XU Xiao-jian(1988-), female, postdoctoral researcher, xuxiaojian@wti.ac.cn

    YANG Rui(1979-), male, researcher, yangr@wti.ac.cn

    JI Yong-bo(1975-), male, researcher, jyb@wti.ac.cn

  • Received Date: 2022-02-19
  • Publish Date: 2022-08-25
    Abstract
  • Existing hydrogen fuel powered vessel types in the world were listed, and their characteristics were summarized. The research progress in the key technologies of hydrogen fuel cell powered vessels was analyzed in terms of standard specifications, power source, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and hydrogen safety. According to the navigation environment, structure, and operating condition of vessel, the challenges in the key technologies of hydrogen fuel cell powered vessels and the measures to deal with these challenges were proposed. Analysis results show that at present, the number of hydrogen fuel powered vessels in the world is limited. Most of them are small passenger vessels in inland rivers and lakes and are fueled mainly by hydrogen cells. The hydrogen is mostly stored in gas cylinders with high pressure of 35 MPa. The relevant standard specifications for hydrogen fuel cell powered vessels are still being formulated, and the standards and specifications for the building, testing, and application of vehicles fueled by hydrogen cells can be taken as references. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are the most widely used hydrogen fuel cells. Catalyst, bipolar plate, membrane electrode, and sealing material all have important impacts on the performance of PEMFC. In order to increase the applicability of hydrogen fuel cells for vessels, it is suggested to develop high-power fuel cell modules, and the environmental suitability of fuel cells should be studied under the conditions of humidity, heat, salt spray, tilt, and swing. Currently, hydrogen production industries in China still focus on hydrogen production by coals, and it is necessary to produce hydrogen with renewable energy. In short term, compressed hydrogen is the most feasible way for hydrogen storage on board. Light and pressure-resistant storage tanks with high storage density should be developed to improve hydrogen storage density and safety. Furthermore, in order to ensure the safety of vehicles fueled by hydrogen cells, qualitative and quantitative risk analysis methods should be comprehensively utilized to identify risky scenarios, analyze the laws of development and consequence of leakage, diffusion, combustion and explosion of hydrogen by simulation, evaluate the risks, and propose risk mitigation measures.

     

    • FullText(HTML)
  • loading
    • References(96)
  • [1]
    International Marine Organization. Fourth IMOGHG study 2020 executive summary[R]. London: International Marine Organization, 2021.
    [2]
    HU Qiong, ZHOU Wei-xin, DIAO Feng. Interpretation of initial IMO strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships[J]. Shipbuilding of China, 2019, 60(1): 195-201. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-4882.2019.01.019
    [3]
    BRYNOLF S, MAGNUSSON M, FRIDELL E, et al. Compliance possibilities for the future ECA regulations through the use of abatement technologies or change of fuels[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2014, 28: 6-18. doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2013.12.001
    [4]
    WANG Si-jia. 2020, the year of racing for shipping emission reduction[J]. China Ship Survey, 2019(12): 16-19. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGCJ201912008.htm
    [5]
    ZHANG Yong-wei, ZHANG Zhen, MIAO Nai-qian, et al. Report on hydrogen energy industry development of China 2020[R]. Beijing: China EV 100, 2020. (in Chinese)
    [6]
    FU Guan-yun, ZHAO Ji-shi, GONG Juan, et al. Review and prospect on hydrogen energy development at home and abroad in 2019[J]. Energy of China, 2020, 42(3): 30-33. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-2355.2020.03.006
    [7]
    MA Yu-kun, ZHANG Qin-jie, ZHAO Jun-jie. How far is the way to use hydrogen in shipping industry[J]. Marine Equipment/Materials and Marketing, 2019(3): 14-16. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CBWZ201903011.htm
    [8]
    ZHU Zi-wen. Research on the application of MOFs as hydrogen storage materials in fuel cell electric propulsion system for ships[D]. Xiamen: Jimei University, 2019. (in Chinese)
    [9]
    YU Quan-hu. Hydrogen, fuel cells and their application on ship[J]. Ship and Boat, 2020, 31(5): 69-76. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CBZZ202005013.htm
    [10]
    XU Zi-liang, YU Ying, LI Li. Latest progress of hydrogen fuel cell's applications[J]. China Basic Science, 2018, 20(2): 7-17. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2412.2018.02.002
    [11]
    PRATT J W, KLEBANOFF L E. Optimization of zero emission hydrogen fuel cell ferry design, with comparisons to the SF-BREEZE[R]. Albuquerque: Sandia National Laboratories, 2018.
    [12]
    American Bureau of Shipping. Guide for fuel cell power systems for marine and offshore applications[R]. New York: American Bureau of Shipping, 2019.
    [13]
    ALVESTAD L, BERGE K. Handbook for hydrogen-fuelled vessels[R]. Oslo: DNV, 2021.
    [14]
    LUO Xiao-feng, WU Shun-ping, LEI Wei, et al. Low-carbon development trend and path of ship energy[J]. Maritime China, 2021(3): 46-51. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-6664.2021.03.013
    [15]
    WANG Si-jia. CCS promotes the application of hydrogen on ships[J]. China Ship Survey, 2020, 245(9): 15-18. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-2005.2020.09.007
    [16]
    HUANG Xing, DING Tian-wei, ZHAO Hong-hui, et al. A review of hydrogen safety control for automotive fuel cell systems[J]. Automotive Digest, 2019, 519(4): 6-10. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QCWZ201904003.htm
    [17]
    MA Qiu-yu, ZHAO Zi-liang, ZHAO Hong-hui, et al. Overview on the present situation of fuel cell industry standards[J]. Automotive Digest, 2020(1): 14-17. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QCWZ202001005.htm
    [18]
    WHITE C M, STEEPER R R, LUTZ A E. The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine: a technical review[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006, 31(10): 1292-1305. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.12.001
    [19]
    WEN Shu-lai. Research status and progress of fuel cell[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2019, 39(7): 66-70. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDHG201907014.htm
    [20]
    CHENG Yi-bu. Application status and development trend analysis of hydrogen fuel cell technology[J]. Green Petroleumand Petrochemicals, 2018, 3(2): 5-13. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-0942.2018.02.002
    [21]
    HOU Ming, YI Bao-lian. Progress and perspective of fuel cell technology[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2012, 18(1): 1-13. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DHXX201201002.htm
    [22]
    FENG Juan. Performance optimization of marine hydrogen fuel cell[D]. Zhenjiang: Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)
    [23]
    TRONSTAD T, ÅSTRAND H H, HAUGOM G P, et al. Study on the use of fuel cells in shipping[R]. Oslo: DNV, 2017.
    [24]
    XING H, STUART C, SPENCE S, et al. Fuel cell power systems for maritime applications: progress and perspectives[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(3): 1213. doi: 10.3390/su13031213
    [25]
    SHAO Min-hua, PELES A, SHOEMAKER K. Electrocatalysis on platinum nanoparticles: particle size effect on oxygen reduction reactionactivity[J]. Nano Letters, 2011, 11(9): 3714-3719. doi: 10.1021/nl2017459
    [26]
    LIU Sheng-chu, LI Shang, WANG Ru-yi, et al. Preparation of high performance and ultra-low platinum loading membrane electrode assembly for PEMFC commercial application[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2019, 166(16): 1308-1313. doi: 10.1149/2.0151916jes
    [27]
    ERCOLANO G, CAVALIERE S, ROZIōRE J, et al. Recent developments in electrocatalyst design thrifting noble metals in fuel cells[J]. Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, 2018, 9: 271-277. doi: 10.1016/j.coelec.2018.05.019
    [28]
    HE Da-ping, MU Shi-chun. Stabilization strategies of Pt catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Journal of Electrochemistry, 2018, 24(6): 655-663. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DHXX201806008.htm
    [29]
    HOU Ming, SHAO Zhi-gang, YU Hong-mei, et al. Review of hot topics on hydrogen fuel cell in 2019[J]. Science and Technology Review, 2020, 38(1): 137-150. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJDB202001015.htm
    [30]
    MAO Tao-bo, LUAN Wei-ling, FU Qing-qing. Recent progress on polyaniline-based coatings on bipolar plates of proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(7): 3826-3836. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGJZ202107027.htm
    [31]
    WANG Ke. Research on flow field on bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. (in Chinese)
    [32]
    LIU Hai-chao. Design of flow channel and research on fluid management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)
    [33]
    WANG Wei, WU Zhi-yu, DONG Zong-yu, et al. Stress relaxation properties of the silicone rubber gasket[J]. Lubrication Engineering, 2004, 29(2): 27-28, 30. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0254-0150.2004.02.011
    [34]
    CUI T, CHAO Y J, CHEN X M, et al. Effect of water on life prediction of liquid silicone rubber seals in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2011, 196(22): 9536-9543. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.07.066
    [35]
    DAI Wei, WANG Hai-jiang, YUAN Xiao-zi, et al. A review on water balance in the membrane electrode assembly of proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34(23): 9461-9478. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.09.017
    [36]
    VAN BIERT L, GODJEVAC M, VISSER K, et al. A review of fuel cell systems for maritime applications[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 327(30): 345-364.
    [37]
    LIU Yi-ming, WANG Fu, WANG Jun, et al. Application form and its key technology of fuel cell ship[J]. Ship Engineering, 2021, 43(3): 18-26, 33. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CANB202103004.htm
    [38]
    CHOI C H, YU S J, HAN I S, et al. Development and demonstration of PEM fuel-cell-battery hybrid system for propulsion of tourist boat[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(5): 3591-3599. doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.12.186
    [39]
    LI Hong-rui, XIONG Liang-sheng, SHAO Shi-yi. Application and research of DC electric propulsion to the SWATH scientific research vessel[J]. Ship Science and Technology, 2017, 39(8): 85-90. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3404/j.issn.1672-7649.2017.08.018
    [40]
    HOU Hui, GAN Ming, WU Xi-xiu, et al. Review of hybrid ship energy management[J]. Chinese Journal of Ship Research, 2021, 16(5): 216-229. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCZG202105025.htm
    [41]
    ZHU Li-si, HAN Jin-gang, PENG Dong-kai, et al. Fuzzy logic based energy management strategy for a fuel cell/battery/ultra-capacitor hybrid ship[C]//IEEE. 2014 First International Conference on Green Energy. New York: IEEE, 2014: 107-112.
    [42]
    PAN Zhao, SHANG Lei, GAO Hai-bo, et al. Optimization of composite energy storage system and energy management strategy for fuel cell ships[J]. Journal of Dalian Maritime University, 2021, 47(3): 79-85. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7031.2021.03.012
    [43]
    YANG Qing-yong. On the application of hydrogen energy in ships[J]. Journal of Qingdao Ocean Shipping Mariners College, 2020, 41(4): 41-44, 59. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-3747.2020.04.010
    [44]
    LIU Fu-shui, HAO Li-jun, HEITZ P B. Technology status and development prospect of hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2006, 28(7): 621-625. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-680X.2006.07.004
    [45]
    SARTBAEVA A, KUZNETSOV V L, WELLS S A, et al. Hydrogen nexus in a sustainable energy future[J]. Energyand Environmental Science, 2008, 1(1): 79-85. doi: 10.1039/b810104n
    [46]
    GE Yu-zhen, LIN Li-li, YAO Si-yu, et al. Catalysis for efficient low-temperature hydrogen production and storage[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2018, 63(21): 2140-2147. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB201821007.htm
    [47]
    YU Hong-mei, SHAO Zhi-gang, HOU Ming, et al. Hydrogen production by water electrolysis: progress and suggestions[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(2): 146-152. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202102020.htm
    [48]
    FU Guan-yun. The status and role of hydrogen energy in China's energy transformation[J]. China Coal, 2019, 45(10): 15-21. (in Chinese) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-530X.2019.10.004
    [49]
    GUO Bo-wen, LUO Dan, ZHOU Hong-jun. Recent advances in renewable energy electrolysis hydrogen production technology and related electrocatalysts[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(6): 2933-2951. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGJZ202106001.htm
    [50]
    DU Ze-xue, MU Xu-hong. Development of water electrolysis technology and its application in green hydrogen production[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2021, 52(2): 102-110. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYLH202102032.htm
    [51]
    SONG Shi-li, LI li-ming, ZHU Yan-bing, et al. Study progress about degradation of nafion proton exchange membrane[J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2017, 46(17): 59-62. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SDHG201717024.htm
    [52]
    FAN Zhi-xuan, YU Hong-mei, JIANG Guang, et al. A low-cost Ti felt anode gas diffusion layer for PEM water electrolysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Power Sources, 2020, 44(7): 933-936. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DYJS202007001.htm
    [53]
    LETTENMEIER P, WANG R, ABOUATALLAH R, et al. Low-cost and durable bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane electrolyzers[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 44035.
    [54]
    VAN HOECKE L, LAFFINEUR L, CAMPE R, et al. Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications[J]. Energy and Environmental Science, 2021, 14: 815-843.
    [55]
    ESPOSITO D V. Membraneless electrolyzers for low-cost hydrogen production in a renewable energy future[J]. Joule, 2017, 1: 651-658.
    [56]
    LI Zheng, ZHANG Rui, SUN He-xu, et al. Review on key technologies of hydrogen generation, storage and transportation based on multi-energy complementary renewable energy[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(3): 446-462. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DGJS202103002.htm
    [57]
    GAO Jin-liang, YUAN Ze-ming, SHANG Hong-wei, et al. Research progress on storage technology and stored energy application of hydrogen[J]. Metallic Functional Materials, 2016, 23(1): 1-11. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSGC201601001.htm
    [58]
    LI Lu-ling, FAN Shuan-shi, CHEN Qiu-xiong, et al. Hydrogen storage technology: current status and prospects[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2018, 7(4): 586-594. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CNKX201804011.htm
    [59]
    ZHENG Jin-yang, KAI Fang-ming, LIU Zhong-qiang, et al. Lightweight high-pressure hydrogen tank[J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2004, 55(S1): 130-133. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGSZ2004S1026.htm
    [60]
    OU Xun-min. A review on the research and development of hydrogen production and storage technologies[J]. Energy Research and Information Technology, 2009, 25(1): 1-4, 16. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NYYX200901002.htm
    [61]
    YANG Miao-liang. Development trend of fuel cell vehicles in the world (3) —Toyota fuel cell vehicles development, and hydrogen production and storage technology[J]. Automobile and Parts, 2005(5): 34-37. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QCPJ200505014.htm
    [62]
    GUO Zhi-fan, JU Yong-lin. Status and problems of cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage[J]. Cryogenics and Superconductivity, 2019, 47(6): 21-29. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DWYC201906004.htm
    [63]
    HODOSHIMA S, ARAI H, TAKAIWA S, et al. Catalytic decalin dehydrogenation/naphthalene hydrogenation pair as a hydrogen source for fuel-cell vehicle[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2003, 28(11): 1255-1262.
    [64]
    SHUANG Hui-li. Study of dehydrogenation of hydrogen-rich liauid organic hydrogen carriers at low temperature[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2020. (in Chinese)
    [65]
    WANG Yun-hua, WANG Jing-kun, ZHAO Jia-chun, et al. Research progress of solid-state hydrogen storage materials[J]. Materials Reports, 2011, 25(9): 120-124. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLDB201109028.htm
    [66]
    LU Guo-jian, ZHOU Shi-xue, JIANG Yao-yao, et al. Overview of alloy and carbon material for hydrogen storage[J]. Materials Reports, 2007, 21(3): 86-89. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CLDB200703024.htm
    [67]
    REN J W, MUSYOKA N M, LANGMI H W, et al. Current research trends and perspectives on materials-based hydrogen storage solutions: a critical review[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(1): 289-311.
    [68]
    CHEN Jun, CHEN Qiu-xiong, CHEN Yun-wen, et al. Current status of energy storage using hydrates[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2015, 4(2): 131-140. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CNKX201502008.htm
    [69]
    KAMIYA S, NISHIMURA M, HARADA E. Study on introduction of CO2 free energy to Japan with liquid hydrogen[J]. Physics Procedia, 2015, 67: 11-19.
    [70]
    DE STEFANO M, ROCOURT X, SOCHET I, et al. Hydrogen dispersion in a closed environment[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44: 9031-9040.
    [71]
    LI Yun-hao, YU Yuan, ZHANG Qing-wu. Numerical simulation for the hydrogen dispersion and distribution behaviors in the garage context[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2017, 17(5): 1884-1889. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-AQHJ201705052.htm
    [72]
    LIU Yan-lei, ZHENG Jin-yang, XU Ping, et al. Numerical simulation on the influnce of environment temperature on the leakage and diffusion of high pressured hydrogen due to storage tank failure[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2008, 29(5): 770-772. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCRB200805013.htm
    [73]
    XU Ping, LIU Peng-fei, LIU Yan-lei, et al. Numerical simulation on the leakage and diffusion of hydrogen due to high pressured storage tank failure at different positions[J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Chinese Universities, 2008, 22(6): 921-926. (in Chinese)
    [74]
    ZHENG Jin-yang, LIU Yan-lei, XU Ping, et al. Numerical simulation of obstacle influence on leakage and diffusion of hydrogen due to high-pressure storage tank failure[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2008, 42(12): 2177-2180. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDZC200812024.htm
    [75]
    LI Feng. Study on the design of hydrogen system and numerical simulation of hydrogen leakatge in fuel cell passenger ship[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2018. (in Chinese)
    [76]
    BRENNAN S, MOLKOV V. Pressure peaking phenomenon for indoor hydrogen releases[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(39): 18530-18541.
    [77]
    FUSTER B, HOUSSIN-AGBOMSON D, JALLAIS S, et al. Guidelines and recommendations for indoor use of fuel cells and hydrogen systems[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42: 7600-7607.
    [78]
    LIU Yuan-liang, LIU Zhan, WEI Jian-jian, et al. Spread characteristics of hydrogen vapor cloud for liquid hydrogen spill under different source conditions[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(5): 4606-4613.
    [79]
    LIU Yuan-liang, WEI Jian-jian, LEI Gang, et al. Spread of hydrogen vapor cloud during continuous liquid hydrogen spills[J]. Cryogenics, 2019, 103(3): 102975.
    [80]
    LIU Yuan-liang, WEI Jian-jian, LEI Gang, et al. Modeling the development of hydrogen vapor cloud considering the presence of air humidity[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(3): 2059-2068.
    [81]
    SHAO Xiang-yu, PU Liang, LI Qiang, et al. Numerical investigation of flammable cloud on liquid hydrogen spill under various weather conditions[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(10): 5249-5260.
    [82]
    LIU Yuan-liang, LIU Zhan, WEI Jian-jian, et al. Evaluation and prediction of the safe distance in liquid hydrogen spill accident[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 146: 1-8.
    [83]
    SATO Y, IWABUCHI H, GROETHE M, et al. Experiments on hydrogen deflagration[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2006, 159(1): 144-148.
    [84]
    SCHEFER R W, GROETHE M, HOUF W G, et al. Experimental evaluation of barrier walls for risk reduction of unintended hydrogen releases[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34(3): 1590-1606.
    [85]
    SCHIAVETTI M, CARCASSI M N. Experimental tests of inhomogeneous hydrogen deflagrations in the presence of obstacles[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(23): 12455-12463.
    [86]
    DOROFEEV S B. Evaluation of safety distances related to unconfined hydrogen explosions[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32(13): 2118-2124.
    [87]
    XIAO Hua-hua, DUAN Qiang-ling, SUN Jin-hua. Premixed flame propagation in hydrogen explosions[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018, 81(2): 1988-2001.
    [88]
    LIANG Zhe, GARDNER L, CLOUTHIER T, et al. Hydrogen deflagrations in stratified flat layers in the large-scale vented combustion test facility[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(23): 12533-12544.
    [89]
    LI Xin-feng, MA Xian-feng, ZHANG Jin, et al. Review of hydrogen embrittlement in metals: hydrogen diffusion, hydrogen characterization, hydrogen embrittlement mechanism and prevention[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters), 2020, 33: 759-773.
    [90]
    YIN Xie-ping, LI Bin, GAO Zeng-liang, et al. Hydrogen embrittlement resistant and influence factors of 34CrMo4 steel in high pressure cylinders[J]. China Special Equipment Safety, 2018, 34(1): 24-29. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGLA201801008.htm
    [91]
    LI Zhi-yong, PAN Xiang-min, XIE Jia, et al. Risk assessment on hydrogen refueling stations[J]. Science and Technology Guide, 2009, 27(16): 93-98. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJDB200916040.htm
    [92]
    NILSEN S, ANDERSEN H S, HAUGOM G P, et al. Risk assessments of hydrogen refuelling station concepts based on onsite production[R]. Porsgrunn: Norsk Hydro ASA, 2003.
    [93]
    ZHANG Chen-shi. Research on risk evaluation of fuel cell vehicle hydrogen refueling station[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2019. (in Chinese)
    [94]
    DADASHZADEH M, KASHKAROV S, MAKAROV D, et al. Risk assessment methodology for onboard hydrogen storage[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(12): 6462-6475.
    [95]
    LI Jing-yuan, ZHAO Yong-zhi, ZHENG Jin-yang. Simulation and analysis on leakage and explosion of high pressure hydrogen in hydrogen refueling station[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2015, 49(7): 1389-1394. (in Chinese) http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDZC201507026.htm
    [96]
    RIGAS F, SKLAVOUNOS S. Evaluation of hazards associated with hydrogen storage facilities[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2005, 30(13/14): 1501-1510.
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By

Catalog

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML

    Article Metrics

    Article views (6823) PDF downloads(530) Cited by()
    Related

    Website copyright Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Editorial Department陕ICP备05001904号-1

    Address ：Editorial Department of Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Middle Section of South 2nd Ring Road, Xi'an, China（710064） Tel：029-82334388 Email：jygc@gfscw.cn

    All visit:Today's visit:

    Supported by: Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd    

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return