Volume 25 Issue 2
Apr.  2025
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HUANG Zun-di, TAN Meng-cheng, XU Zhen-guo, CHANG Ning, FU Cheng. Wind tunnel test study on shock wave characteristics of low-vacuum tube train[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2025, 25(2): 108-117. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.02.007
Citation: HUANG Zun-di, TAN Meng-cheng, XU Zhen-guo, CHANG Ning, FU Cheng. Wind tunnel test study on shock wave characteristics of low-vacuum tube train[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2025, 25(2): 108-117. doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.02.007
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Wind tunnel test study on shock wave characteristics of low-vacuum tube train

doi: 10.19818/j.cnki.1671-1637.2025.02.007
  • 1.

    School of Rail Transportation, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, Guangdong, China

  • 2.

    China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, Sichuang, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 52002290

Science and Technology Project of China Communications and Transportation Association 202310

Jiangmen Science and Technology Plan Project 2220002000147

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project for College Students of Wuyi University 202311349030

Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project for College Students of Wuyi University S202311349106

More Information
  • Corresponding author: CHANG Ning (1984-), female, associate professor, wydxcn@163.com
  • Received Date: 2024-02-26
  • Publish Date: 2025-04-28
    Abstract
  • To investigate the challenges faced by high-speed trains operating within low-vacuum tubes, particularly the generation of shock waves, wind tunnel tests were conducted using a magnetic levitation (maglev) train model. These tests identified the Mach number at which shock waves first appear in the flow field of tube train, as well as the positions and characteristics of the shock waves at various Mach numbers. The flow field of tube train in the wind tunnel was captured by using the schlieren system, and the interaction mechanism and shock wave characteristics between the tube train and the surrounding air were deeply explored. The actual operation of the tube train was simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, and the shock wave characteristics of the wind tunnel test results and numerical calculation results were analyzed. Research results indicate that for a blockage ratio of 0.112, no shock waves occurred in the flow field of tube train when the Mach numbers were 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7. When Mach number is 0.8, shock waves first appeared in the flow field at two distinct locations: near the train shoulder and in the wake region. At the front of the train, flow separation occurs, and the airflow flows along the front of the train through the tube and the middle of the train. The cross-sectional area decreases, the Mach number increases, and a sonic line forms near the shoulder. Downstream of this sonic line, a rapid increase in gas density and pressure leads to shock wave generation. As the airflow continues through the transition between the train body and the tail, the cross-sectional area increases, the Mach number continues to rise, and flow separation occurs near the rear. The flow velocity decreases to sonic speed, resulting in a shock wave due to the sudden increase in gas density and pressure. The numerical calculation cloud map revealed the spatial distribution characteristics of the shock wave and the evolution law of flow separation. The shock wave locations in both at the train shoulder and in the wake, agreed well with the schlieren images from the wind tunnel experiments, confirming that the critical Mach number for shock wave generation is 0.8.

     

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